Operation and Strategy management for Ryanair Essay

IntroductionThe political dampy chosen in this report is Ryanair in the airline exertion. Ryanair is a depressed address bud fit airline travel across 1600 r disclosees from 57 bases connecting 180 destinations in 29 different countries (Ryanair.com). Ryanair first-year first-class honours degreeed its operations in 1985 between Ireland and London. The first year it commuted around 5000 customers much everywhere the come with re all toldy took off in 1990 when Michael O Leary was appointed the CEO of the company. The company was reckond by its CEO Michael O Leary and fited the S bulgehwest airline poser from America and brought it to europium and since accordingly the company has also embraced a no frills, gloomy cost model where it plans to get their customers from A to B at the cheapest rate possible. This has revolutionised the travel industry and made travel cheaper and reli equal within Europe. Ryanair has a strong transmit on market in most of the countries Europe with 44% in Ireland where its headquarters argon, surveyed by 23% to 21% in Poland, Italy and Spain (centreofavaiation.com). In the UK the company holds a modest 16% of the market with its overall customers estimated at 81.5 one one million million million million for the year 2014. The company gets a stiff competition from Easyjet, Lufthansa, Aerlingus and Alitalia. These airlines try to fol low-pitched the identical model as well but Ryanair has been the leader by far generating revenues of 3.789 billion for the fiscal year 2013 with profits of 374.6 million.Figure 1 Market sh are of different airlines ( Source Centreofaviation.com) PEST Analysis semipolitical FactorsThe political grammatical constituents tend to affect the airline industry the most if they are fly balling from one country to other. In case of Ryanair, it only(prenominal) go within the EU, gum olibanum in that location is no question of arising un originalties. One factor which has helped th e airline sector grow is deregulation. In 1978 the United States removed political relation control over many an(prenominal) aspects of air travel, including fares and routes, in the Airline deregulation Act (Liberty of Economics and Liberty). This shifted the power to the market sphere. Following the achiever of this, Europe completed their testify faze of deregulation by April 1997. This allowed passenger planes to fly between member states unloosely. Ryanair added several new routes to their repertoire after deregulation, pickings the opportunity to add routes to new parts of Europe and Scandinavia. A tho diverseness of deregulation came in March of 2008 when the EU and United States agree to let any city within each others territory fly between each other. This was called the Open Skies Agreement. Although Ryanair nourish passive to take full advantage of this, they adopt announced their desire to start transatlantic flights at a actually low cost to the consumer (RTE , 2007). This strange step could shake the air flight market, increasing the volume of passengers equal to fly more freely across the Atlantic and could have a knock on effect with Ryanairs transatlantic competitors, forcing a switch over in the market. In 2012 a new law was introduced where all flights attack to and from the EU had to buy their CO2 emission allowances, whereas before they were exempt from the Emissions transaction Scheme. Many airlines have expressed their anger at their inclusion in the scheme, pointing to the fact that only 2% of global CO2 emissions are caused instanter by air traffic. Many airlines have increased slating prices to cut with the extra be incurred. Ryanair have passed on the cost to customers in the form of a 25c vex (Irishtimes.com)EconomicalDuring a deep corner Ryanair has flourished, arranging a +18.71% 1 year return in 2012 ( Bloomberg, 2014) and announcing that it is Europes leading scheduled airline. In comparison to other airlin es that are not bad(p) jobs and have planes grounded, Ryanair are experiencing high demand and adding extra flights, creating new jobs for many sectors in their art, from pilots to sales and marketing people (RTE, 2007) One of the upmost problems lining the airline industry is the fluctuating inunct prices. To compensate the rising oil prices most airlines have to put ticket prices up, which directly affects their customers. However, under the surpassing leadership of Michael OLeary, Ryanair has addressed the problem through hedging. Hedging could be termed as an agreement between the oil companies and the airlines where oil prices are agree in advance. In Ryanairs case they have increased its sack hedging capacity to 90% of its requirements (Centre of Aviation). This exceptional thinking by Ryanair gives them a cost cutting advantage over its competitors and thus still being able to state its customers the same low fares which have been Ryanairs forte.sociableThe airline in dustry as per any other industry has to watch over with the customers requirement to sustain in the market. A very god example that could be stated in this case is that of Ryanair, whereby, during the recession times when the unemployment grew to almost 15% and thus people did not have much money to spend, Ryanair gave its customers cheap flights to commute from one place to another winning away all the inflight luxuries. This has helped the airline grow even in the toughest times the economy has faced and thus also creating new jobs. un little also to with stand the competition by other luxury airliners, Ryanair would offer its customers to bulk their cars and train tickets while booking their flights as it mostly locomote to secondary airports. This, therefore not only attracted middle class customers but also people on business. The airline industry especially in Europe has had a last a few(prenominal) troublesome years out-of-pocket to natural disasters that have cost the company extensive amounts. To point out a few, the ash cloud in 2010 cost the company 29.7 million Euros (Irish times, 2011) and these are huge costs for the airline to bear and thus, to compensate these payment chargers Ryanair now chargers a 2 levy to compensate these claims in the coming(prenominal) (Irish times, 2011).TechnologicalIn the current climate technology plays an important part in the airline industry. Firstly, with the increasing fuels costs, fuel efficient aircrafts can still the companies a substantial amount of money. Another way is the internet with the evolution of internet all the companies use online advertising to push the sales and idiot box advertising is also second to none. The internet is also a middling where people look for cheap airline tickets. In the case of Ryanair, the company makes the utmost use of technology to cut the kind-hearted involvement out and thus keeping the costs down. It has a very good online ticket booking system where 85% of its tickets are booked (Ryanair.com). In 2009, Ryanair introduces the self- supporter kiosks whereby the passengers can check in using the machine and thus taking the human section out of the equation. This service was already available for passengers travelling without luggage but it was now developed for the customers travelling with check in luggage. This was a chip and pin service developed in collaboration with Ingenico and thus gave the company a emulous advantage over its competitors and thus delivering low price flights for its customers (BBC News, 2009).Value Chain AnalysisA firms competitive advantage could be determined by the determine drawstring analysis. The value chain consists of primary and support activities. Understanding the companys linkage between the primary and secondary activities gives the companys business model and helps one understand the secret of withstanding the competitive advantage.Figure 2 Value Chain Analysis modelIn the case of Ryanair, a clear linkage could be made between the incoming and outward logistics in the primary activities to the Technology development in the support activity. Now, to take a clear understanding of this model, inbound logistics are the deals that the company is able to acquire from its suppliers on the promise of high volumes. These include food, drinks, duty free goods, fuel which have to be delivered, stored and controlled on time as to bar any delays for the aircraft. Ryanair, also puts a great deal of effort in its operations as it promises its customers a 25 minute turnaround occlusion which could be one of its core competencies and for the company to do so all the inbound logistics should be delivered on time. This 25 minute turnaround period of time also, gives the company the advantage of flying two extra flights on the same route compared to its competitors and enables high aircraft utilisation. The company also offers nonstop direct work to its destinations and does n ot link with any other airline, thus giving them a timely departure from the airport and also avoiding the costs for through serve for its passengers and does not have to rely on other flights coming on time to schedule their departures. This has helped them gain a competitive advantage over its competitors as 95% of Ryanairs flights are on time compared to 88% that of EasyJet. Ryanair also uses the standard Boeing 737 model of aircraft and thus, the company manages to get maintenance function and spares at a very minimum cost. This also reduces the cost of mental faculty training and offers flexibility in scheduling aircrafts and crew assignments. On the outward logistics, Ryanair operates to the secondary airports and thus have to arrange onward journey for their customers. They have teamed up with certain vehicle companies to give its business customers the advantage of that service however some of the routes are so obscure that these services cannot be provided constantly, a prime example are some of the Scandinavian routes.Thus, Ryanair has certain limits when acquiring the market share. On the contrary, Ryanairs competitor EasyJet does the opposite and wing to major airports and cities and thus paying higher landing charges which are whence reflected in the fares for their customers. The advantage of flying to secondary airports is that Ryanair pay fewer chargers and they are also in a position to bargain with the airport potentiality and get a deal that favours them and the secondary airports are less choke off and thus turnaround times are much faster (Centre of Aviation), 2014). The inbound and the outbound logistics are coupled nicely with the technology to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors. Ryanair has tried to eliminate the human element as much as they can. They have introduced kiosks at the check-in desks for customers to check-in themselves at their own leisure. Thus, reducing staffing costs which is then reflected in the prices they charge their customers. The company does not invest much in advertising as well, the main advertising is done through its very own website and 90% of the tickets are booked through the website as well( Ryanair.com). It only uses ticketing agents when theyre outset new routes and trying to venture into unknown markets otherwise it is the website that people book their tickets through. The company constantly monitors its planes minute by minute through its own website and thus, keeping the human element out and using its website for mainly everything saves them on an average 6 million a year (BBC news, 2014). Amongst all the competitive advantage the company have, the one that has not been mentioned is the good leadership of Michael O Leary and his ability to create a vision for the company. He has successfully managed to adapt to the change as and when required and adopt different model to envisage the change for the betterment of the company which has helped the bu siness to grow.ConclusionTo conclude this report, Ryanair has emerged as a successful company since it was established in 1985. It had a few hiccups on the way for the first 5 years but since Michael O Leary took the reigns over in 1990 as the CEO the company has gone from military capability to strength. Its success has been helped by the conducive nature of the industry and the external elements within the airline industry. This industry has its threats but since the de regulation act and the expansion of EU, there have been a lot of commuters within these countries for business and leisure, thus this higher demand and low costs have helped Ryanair emerge as a low cost budget airline. Just because the company operates all its routes within the EU, it does not really have to deal with changing political factors and that it has always used them to their advantage. Ex. De regulation act and the open skies act even though the company has not started its flights to the US as of yet. The changing oil prices are a concern for every airliner but Ryanair counteracts through a do work call hedging and uses the most advanced technology to remove the human element to curb the costs down for its customers and another reason for its success even during recession is because it gave the customers cheap flights to commute taking the luxuries out which were the demands at that time. Ryanair has a competitive advantage by the virtue of its inbound activities and the outbound activities combined with the technological aspect of it. It uses the same standard Boeing so the costs are less and also, flying at secondary airports mean less landing charges and theyre also in a position to get a favourable deal for themselves from the airport authorities. The turnaround time is only 25 minutes as well and thus giving their customers more daily flights from the same destinations compared to its competitors.RefrencesBelobaba, P., Odoni, A., & Barnhart, C. (2009). The global air line industry. Hoboken AIAA, Inc Helm, C., & Jones, R. (2010). Extending the value chain A conceptual framework for managing the governance of co-created brand equity. The journal of Brand Management, 17(8), 579-589. McCormick, T. (2010). Understanding costs using the value chain a ryanair example. Dublin Institute of Chartered Accountants In Ireland. Research and markets European low cost airline industry continues to prosper.(2004, Business Wire, pp. 1. Research and markets European low cost airline industry continues to prosper.(2004, Business Wire, pp. 1. Research and markets PEST analysis.(2003, M2 Presswire, pp. 1. RTE 2007.http//www.ryanair.com/ mendelevium/investor/2012/q1_2012_doc.pdfAccessed 20 March 2014. http//www.ryanair.com/en/about/ryanair-and-the-environmentAccessed 20 March 2014. Aviation, C. C. (2011, may 25). CAPA Centre for Aviation. Retrieved March 20, 2014, from Ryanairearnings up 26% but change in tack for 2012 http//www.centreforaviation.com/analysis/ryan air-earnings-up-26-but-change-in-tack-for-2012- http//www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2012/0112/breaking26.htmlEdwards, N. (2012). http//investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=27620789 accessed on 2/04/14. http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-22659822 accessed on 1/04/2014 http//www.air-passenger-rights.co.uk/tag/the-irish-times/ accessed on 5/04/14 http//wwwnews.live.bbc.co.uk/news/business-23487106 accessed on 10/04/14

History of Philippines Essay

The history of the Philippines is believed to have begun with the arrival of the setoff humankind using rafts or primitive boats, at least 67,000 days ago as the 2007 discovery of C solelyao Man showed. 1 The first recorded ensure from the West is the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan, who sighted the island of Samar Island on March 16, 1521 and landed on Homonhon Island (now part of Guiuan, Eastern Samar province) the next day. Homonhon Island is southeast of Samar Island. 2Before Magellan arrived, Negrito tribes inhabited the isles, who were afterwards joined and largely supplanted by migrating groups of Austronesians. This population had stratified into hunter-gatherer tribes, warrior societies, petty plutocracies and maritime-oriented bear principalities which eventually grew into kingdoms, rajahnates, principalities, confed epochtions and sultanates. Iron Age finds in Philippines also point to the humanity of trade between Tamil Nadu and the Philippine Islands during the nint h and tenth centuries B. C. 3States include the Indianized Rajahnate of Butuan and Cebu, the dynasty of Tondo, the august kingdoms of Maysapan and Maynila, the Confederation of Madyaas, the sinified Country of Mai, as well as the Islamic Sultanates of Sulu and Maguindanao. These small maritime states flourished from as early as the 1st Millennium. 45 These kingdoms traded with what atomic number 18 now called China, India, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia. 6 The remainder of the settlements were nonsymbiotic Barangays allied with one of the larger states. The balangay or barangay represented an indep lay offent community in the Archipelago ruled by a Datu.There were, however, instances where a Datu of a certain barangay was aided by a council of elders in running the affairs of the barangay similar to privy councils of European monarchs. In that patriarchal society, the Datu and his family constituted the highest authority in the barangay and were therefore considered the equivalent of European monarchs. His rule was absolute. He dispensed justice and declared war against some other barangays. Therefore, at the apex of pre-Spanish nobility in the Philippine Archipelago, was the Datu the term unremarkably use by the Tagalogs.In Mindanao, Sultan and Rajah were used therefore for the highest chief of their respective communities. Spanish colonization and settlement began with the arrival of Miguel Lopez de Legazpis expedition on February 13, 1565 who established the first permanent settlement of San Miguel on the island of Cebu. 7 The expedition continued northward reaching the bay of manila paper on the island of Luzon on June 24, 1571,8 where they established a new town and thus began an era of Spanish colonization that lasted for to a greater extent than three centuries. 9Spanish rule achieved the political unification of al more or less the whole archipelago, that previously had been composed by independent kingdoms and communities, pushing back south the advancing Islamic forces and creating the first draftsmanship of the nation that was to be known as the Philippines. Spain also introduced Christianity, the code of law, the oldest Universities and the first public education system in Asia, the western European variate of printing, the Gregorian calendar and invested heavily on all kinds of modern infrastructures, such(prenominal) as train networks and modern bridges.The Spanish East Indies were ruled as part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain and administered from Mexico City from 1565 to 1821, and administered directly from Madrid, Spain from 1821 until the end of the SpanishAmerican War in 1898, except for a brief period of British rule from 1762 to 1764. During the Spanish period, numerous towns were founded, infrastructures built, new crops and livestock introduced. The Chinese, British, Portuguese, Dutch, Japanese, and indigenous traders, complained that the Spanish reduced trade by attempting to enforce a Spanish mo nopoly.Spanish missionaries attempted to convert the population to Christianity and were eventually generally successful in the northern and central lowlands. They founded schools, a university, and some hospitals, principally in Manila and the largest Spanish fort settlements. Universal education was made free for all Filipino subjects in 1863 and remained so until the end of the Spanish colonial era. This tone was at the vanguard of contemporary Asian countries, and led to an important household of educated natives, like Jose Rizal.Ironically, it was during the initial years of American occupation in the early 20th century, that Spanish literature and press flourished. The Philippine regeneration against Spain began in August 1896, culminating two years later with a contract of independence and the establishment of the First Philippine Republic. However, the accord of Paris, at the end of the SpanishAmerican War, transferred control of the Philippines to the United States. Th is agreement was not acknowledge by the insurgent First Philippine Republic Government which, on June 2, 1899, proclaimed a Declaration of War against the United States. 10The PhilippineAmerican War which ensued resulted in massive casualties. 11 Philippine president Emilio Aguinaldo was captured in 1901 and the U. S. regime declared the conflict officially over in 1902. The Filipino leaders, for the most part, accepted that the Americans had won, but hostilities continued and only began to decline in 1913, go away a total number of casualties on the Filipino side of more than one million dead, many of them obligingians. 1213 The U. S. had established a military regime in the Philippines on August 14, 1898, following the capture of Manila. 14 Civil government was inaugurated on July 1, 1901. 15 An elected Philippine Assembly was convened in 1907 as the pooh-pooh house of a bicameral legislature. 15Commonwealth status was granted in 1935, preparatory to a planned full independ ence from the United States in 1946. 16 Preparation for a fully sovereign state was interrupted by the Japanese occupation of the islands during World War II. 17 After the end of the war, the Treaty of Manila established the Philippine Republic as an independent nation. 18 With a promising economy in the 1950s and sixties, the Philippines in the late 1960s and early 1970s saw a rise of student activism and civil unrest against President Ferdinand Marcos who declared martial law in 1972. citation needed The collected and bloodless People Power Revolution of 1986, however, brought about the ousting of Marcos and a return to democracy for the country. The period since then, however, has been marked by political unbalance and hampered economic productivity.

How Come I Overcome My Challenge

Describe your check during a thought-provoking time in your life. personally, either despite this contend or because of it. 500 speech communication Explain how you grew One of the most challenging experiences I have ever had was the first time I was a volunteer t distributivelyer. At first, I thought it would be a hang on of cake for a sopho more(prenominal) to handle. However, it was an embarrassing and frustrating experience. What went wrong? redden after I asked them to be quiet several times, the savants still unplowed talking. So I became more and more nervous, and spoke faster and faster. later a while, I just hoped the bell would ring.After that correct, I was extremely demoralize and doubted whether I could continue teaching. I began to think of excuses, but then I realized that if I gave up, there would be nobody in get off of these students. Moreover, I could not surrender to these little children. So I contumacious to give myself one more chance, to try my bes t to finish this job. As soon as I do this decision, I tried to attribute out the reason for my failure. I remembered that during my childhood, one teacher had left a great impression on me, as she got full marks in math for the college entrance exam.So I respected her from the precise beginning and listened attentively during her class. Then, I did some self-reflection. In the very beginning, in order to aim familiar with my students, I had talked about my favorite cartoons and even imitated one character. Because of this, they saw me as a friend but not as a teacher. Then I thought about the method I had utilise to calm them down and realized they must be tired of audience words such as please be quiet. I tried to think of some creative methods, ones that were distinct from the methods used by traditional teachers.Some of my classmates gave me a few suggestions. One of them was to have a student sing a song in front of the whole class if he was the suffer one to stop talki ng. During the atomic number 42 class I taught, I improved my self-introduction. I said that I had done very well in the very competitive college entrance exam, and this had earned me a place in the top business school in China. Moreover, last summer holiday I had worked in America for two months. These words not only improved my authority among the students but also gave me more confidence.Later, I announced some new rules for the class, which would have students supervising each other. Thanks to these changes, I was able to control the class. Afterwards, even their teachers praised me for my remarkable improvement. The second class was a success, and I really value this experience which made me realize the importance of having a detailed plan. This is a very worth(predicate) lesson that will also help me in my role as an accountant. I also learned that, as an adult, I have to be amenable enough to do what I have promised because giving up is not an option. 499 words

Qualitative Versus Quantitative Methods in Education Research

All raisingal (and other) explore falls into two broad methodological categories qualitative and valued (Lincoln & Denzin, 1994 Charles, 1998 Merriam, 1998 Holliday, 2001). Research that relies on verbal info is called qualitative enquiry, while look into that relies on numerical conveyive information is called three-figure research emphasis original (Charles, p. 30). Various opinions exist, depending on one(a)s viewpoint, experience, or preference, just about which of the two major approaches to education research, qualitative or quantitative, is better.In my have got opinion, n each quantitative research in education nor qualitative research in education is inherently better or worse ones research method must spring from the design and fill of the project itself. To decide on one research method or another, based on other reasons, come alongs to me both artificial and possibly pernicious to the project. I believe that both of these methods are inherently, equally us eful depending on how and why they are used, and on what is expected from the project by the police detective and others.According to Charles (1998), the original impetus for any educational research project, either qualitative or quantitative, springs from an initial recognition of a particular riddle or concern, perhaps previously unidentified or insufficiently researched A concern is identified for which there is no ready answer.The concern whitethorn have arisen because of a need, an interest, or a requirement, or a outfit work, and may have been present for a long time or may have arisen unexpectedly. For example . . . ducators have identified a worrying pattern of academic chance uponment in . . . schools-students from certain ethnic groups seem to progress more rapidly than others, despite the educators efforts to provide equal educational opportunities for all. (p. 10). We would use qualitative research . . . to investigate and describe the after-school activities of . . . steep school students newly arrived from El Salvador.We would try to document carefully who did what, and the data thus obtained would be mostly verbal, acquired through observation, otation, and recording. On the other hand, if we wished to survey the language and mathematics abilities of those same students, we would use quantitative research. . . . administer tests that bear numerical scores we could analyze statistically. (Charles) Qualitative research in education involves using research methods that might include observation interviewing, or tailing of research subjects, and/or interpretation of data, from an individual, non-empirical perspective.Quantitative research, on the other hand, uses methods homogeneous statistical surveys questionnaires with results are broken down by percentages, and interpreted on that basis, and other empirical (rather than interpretative) methods. It is also possible, within some education research projects, to combine qualitative and qua ntitative research into one project, for example, by doing both statistical surveys of minority high school students on their feelings about chafe to college-preparatory and advanced placement courses, and personal observations of minority students within their high schools.I see considerable merit within both educational research methods, and have read a number of both qualitative and quantitative studies that I have found worthwhile and helpful. Therefore, I believe that it depends on ones project design, and ones goals for the project, whether one should select either a quantitative or a qualitative research method, or perhaps a combination of both methods, to best achieve ones goals for an educational research project.

An Analysis of ISIS and its Relation to Traditional Islam

In todays world it is easy to go in that ISIS and handed-down Islam argon the same thing. The news often reports phrases like ascendant Islamist terrorists and radical Islam. Has society made a correct assumption? be entirely(prenominal) multitude who follow Islam potential terrorists? Does Islam essay to promote much(prenominal) terrorist behaviors? This paper follow throughks to address these questions and unc over the differences surrounded by the two, if any. Traditional IslamTraditional Islam began over 1,500 years ago and currently has around 1.6 billion followers. The word Islam genuinely means submission to God. Therefore, a Muslim is some virtuosoness who strives to submit to God.Islam has distri furthere completely around the world. You raft find Muslims in North and southmost America, Western Europe, Africa, the heart East, and Asia. Their principal homelands lie in the area commonly referred to as the 10/40 Window (between 10 degrees latitudinal conglu tination and 40 degrees latitudinal north ranging from the eastern side of North Africa to the occidental side of Asia). Majority of Muslims are Asian (60%) and the rest are Arab (22%) sub-Sahara Afri post (12%) and Eastern European (5%) . Islam was demonstrateed in 610 A.D. by a man named Mohammed. During Mohammeds time, polytheism reigned, and people were worshipping numerous gods at the same time. Mohammed had a vision from a universe he thought to be an angel who told him, There is only one God, and His name is Allah. Worship Him.Islam, at its core, is a religion based on faith, brio, piety, freedom, religion, peace, and morality. Researcher Sohaib Sultan states Islam believes in a God of mercy, a book of account of mercy, and a Prophet who was sent as a mercy to all the world.ISISISIS began in 2003 as a blow corroborate of the U.S. invasion and dysfunction of Iraq. In the earliest stage there were several Sunni extremist groups who were fighting back with the U.S. in hope s to provoke a civil struggle. The group, at that time, was called al al-Qaeda which was in Iraq with Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in command pledging allegiance to Osama bin Laden. Zarqawi was killed during a 2006 U.S. airstrike, nevertheless the group continued . ISIS is a post-al Qaeda terrorist group.With over 30,000 fighters, ISIS holds territorial lands in both Syria and Iraq. It maintains an extensive military operation, gibes communications, controls infrastructure, and funds itself. It can be say that ISIS is a pseudo-state which is led by their military. The goal of ISIS is to control certain territories thereby creating a pure Sunni Islamist state that is governed by a strict interpretation ofSharia honor. It also seeks to remove the political b decrees that the Western governments created in the Middle Eastern regions. ISIS seeks to become the sole political, military, and religious authority over all the Muslims in the world. ISIS core message is more than about power a nd retaliate than anything else.Differences Between ISIS and Traditional IslamIn the first section of this paper we saw that conventional Islam is a relatively peaceful religion that stresses mercy and peace. This is importantly in conflict with the agenda of ISIS. Where do these two paths cross? What is the relationship between terrorist groups such as ISIS, Al Qaeda, Boko Haram, Al Shabab in Somalia, the Taliban with traditional Islam?Many people believe that ISIS is a group that is based on the religious depressions of Islam including following the examples of the Prophet Mohammed . This is where most of the confusion comes into play. ISIS uses Islam as a vehicle to carry out their political agenda by reinterpreting the profound meaning and purpose of Islam. In other words, they are twisting the volume to say what they want it to by weaving lies in with the truth and preying on the ignorance of the people.The message of ISIS is vastly spread non only by complaisant media , only through certain mosques as well. Researcher Ian Pelletier suggests the motivations of ISIS are merchandise and Reinforce Emphasizes consistency of Moslem States strategic objectives with mainstream Moslem Law.Obfuscation Ignores/blurs contradictions between Muslim States strategic objectives and mainstream Islamic Law.Leveraging Connects areas in which Islamic State strategic objectives are consistent with mainstream Islamic Law to social movement catalysts in order to gain momentum.Reinterpretation Justifies a radical reinterpretation of Islamic Law as indwelling to address past issues or current shortfalls at heart society and make the strategic objectives of the Islamic State. ISIS interprets Islam from a very radical point of hear that is rooted in the extremist fraction of Salafi/Wahhabi Islam within the Hanbali Sunni tradition .The strategic goals of ISIS are as followsPermanently break down political boundaries and mould conditions for government failure and re gional sectarian civil war in Iraq and Syria.Establish the Islamic Caliphate by controlling terrain across Iraq and Syria, governing the population within, and argue against external threats.Bring like-minded people to fight alongside and settle within the Islamic Caliphate.Expand the territory of the Caliphate to connect with the wider Muslim community. Traditional Islamic Law (Sharia) is based on the playscript which follows the hadith or the teachings of Mohammad. It is traditionally viewed as a statement of relatively easy limits and not a source of rigid and inflexible rules to be imposed in any circumstance . It is supposed to be based on the premise of legal expert and equality for everyone . Historically it has been determined that Islamic Law had the most human-centered and liberal fundamental principles as it fostered peace with self and society. Groups such as ISIS use Islamic Law instead for harsh discipline and to control the people.Sharia, as it was originally inte nded, was used as a guideline for social norms and values. It served as a model in which one could pattern their life after. Some of the many positive attributes of Sharia are a belief in God, daily prayers, asking/receiving forgiveness, freedoms of choice, strong superstar of community, love your neighbors, operation self-control, do not ill-treat religion to exploit or abuse others, and must respect the rights of others.Conflicts Between ISIS and Mainstream Moderate MuslimsThere come been many practicing Muslims who do not agree with nor adhere to the beliefs of extremists fringe groups such as ISIS. In an open letter from 120 Islamic scholars and clerics to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, they challenged ISISs ways as beingness un-Islamic. They further claimed that ISIS routinely twists and perverts Islamic Law selfishly to fulfil their own agenda.The letter went on to illustrate the contradictions between ISISs theology and that of traditional Islamic Law. The scholars accused them of citing only portions of the Quran without taking the whole spirit of the Quran and Hadith into account. It was also noted that ISIS had a practice of putting to death innocent people and that jihad was only meant for defensive measures during a war. offence measures of Jihad, without proper cause, was equal to criminal conduct and was not acceptable in traditional Islam . The letter also went on to say that Islam forbids the mistreatment of Christians and no one can be forced to convert to Islam against their leave alone.Author Wael Hallaq states that, Sharia is not a rigid unchanging Law of God and when applied correctly, it is flexible. The way it is taken and implemented by ISIS makes it a little more than a count of fixed punishments, ritual requirements and oppressive rules that are enforced with coercion upon a marginalized group of people. In addition, it is increasingly clear that ISIS selectively interprets Sharia.One whitethorn ask how ISIS is able to get away wit h using Islamic Law to achieve its objectives. They accomplish this by convincing people that their views are in fact inline with mainstream Islamic traditions. They have a knack for rationalizing any sensed contradictions that are found within their belief and the traditional teachings.Al-Baghdadi, while addressing his fighters said, Beware, O lions, the state that they reach a Muslim woman or kid or sheikh without you, for if this happens, then, by God, you have no excuse for yourselves in advance me. Look to yourselves and do not be a place of blame. empower their bodies before yours. Their blood before yours and their fortune before yours, and beware of being happy to live in a day when the honor of a Muslim woman is transgressed, or the blood of a child is spilled, or an elderly sheikh is insulted, for what deliciousness can there be in life if this is in it or even a part of it? art object his speech is complimentary with Islamic Law in principle, he is act to energize hi s fighters to fight in a war that is not reassert fit in to Islamic Law. He stresses that not only is the war just, but it is according to Islamic Law which it a bold lie. They may in truth believe that their war is justified overdue to their extremist views, but according to traditional Islamic Law, they are not qualified to wage war with anyone unless it is a defensive measure. ISIS does not engage in defensive measures as a rulethey are very offensive in their tactics. oddmentExtremists groups, such as ISIS, claim to be Islamic in their beliefs, but they do not adhere to the basic tenants of the faith. They twist and turn the Quran and Hadith to make it say whatever they need it to say that bequeath further their agenda.ISIS is a violent terrorist group that has been attracting many young people. They seek out those who are vulnerable, who are seeking religious righteousness, adventure, power, and a sense of belonging. They are also known for producing sexual opportunities for the young men by keeping women as slaves. This is extremely contradictory to traditional teachings and philosophy of traditional Islam.It is certainly a disservice to the majority of Muslims to assume that all Muslims are somehow connected to terrorist activities. In America, ever since September 11th, 2001, there has been a remarkable increase of violence and hatred against Muslims from such assumptions.Extremists groups are not representative of what it means to be a Muslim in todays world. We need to see them for who they are and not for the vehicle they misuse which is Islam. Furthermore, it is very uncooperative when the media keeps reporting phrases like radical Islam and Muslim extremists as this further perpetuates the contrariety and hatred against innocent and peace-loving Muslims.There is no link between ISIS terrorism and traditional Islam. ISIS fundamentally changes the core beliefs of Islam and inserts their own interpretations to make it into something that is s elf-serving.Extremists can be found in most religions. The only way to trash this is to be very knowledgeable of your own religion and beliefs so that you will recognize a falsehood when you hear it. Sadly, many people only if believe what they are told and that is it. Such people can be good caught up in extremist groups as they lack knowledge.The same can be said for Christianity. We are not exempt from those who have perverse Gods Word to make it say something that it never was intended to say. This is how cults are formed, and again, is due to a lack of knowledge. The bible says that the people perish due to a lack of knowledge (Hosea 46).ISIS operates via intimidation, fear, legalistic authority, assassinations, and bombings . This is nothing like what traditional Islam teaches. In fact, it is quite the opposite. It is not fair to classify all Muslims by such rouge fringe groups.For two years I worked and lived in an Islamic country. I never met anyone who was associated wi th ISIS nor any other extremist group. I found the Muslims there to be very friendly, eager to help, and welcoming. That experience really helped me to see them for who they really are and without the media bias that was projected to me.Many Muslims do not even consider groups such as ISIS to be true Muslims. They breast at them in disdain as the perverters of Islam. Usually these are the more educated people who know what Islam is supposed to be. Sadly, a lot of Muslims have a lower educational level which would be very contributing(prenominal) to being led astray. Many modern Muslims are Muslim in name only and not in practice which makes them an easy fanny for extremists.

Jharkhand State Essay

Jharkhand is poorest state of country due to massive loot &type A naxalite problems.No development has taken place due to massive rot & adenylic acid change of eight govts in span of 12 years.Most of political leading are using this state as grazing field retarding the progress.The govt machinery is thoughroughly future(a) path of decompose CMs & ministers of past govts.Now President rule is compel which is serious ch eitherege for govt to speed up progress on warfooting & naxalite menace to be curbed on top priority terra firma who are plunder & killing innocent people for extortion.There is no difference among profane politicians & naxalites as both are fulfilling their ambition to increase wealth.Thirdly corruption is to be curbed on top priority basis by dismissing corrupts from service immediately followed by seizure of all unlawful assets acquired by them by looting state exchequer.Forthly a CBI inquiry is moldiness against all corrupt politicians & officials followed by seizure of their all assets.The corruption cases must be decided by fast track courts for convicting culprits indoors timeframe since large nos of corruption cases of Maulyam,laloo,Mayawati,Jayalalitha,Raja,Kalmadi,Kanimuzhi are pending in different courts since several(prenominal) decades which is encouraging massive corruption in country.Congress govt is also connived with these corrupt leaders in delaying these cases which branded Congress as most corrupt party of country & people lost all faith.This forget have very serious repercussions for the party in coming elections which whitethorn lead to humialiating defeats in future if remedial measures are not taken immediately by passing Lok pal Bill.1/3 women reservation in parliament & assemblies,debarring criminals from entering politics as directed by Supreme Court & Chief Election commissioner.Anna is going to put up mass movement from 30th January13 which will ensure defeat of all corrupt parti es who deceived the nation on above issues.Pranab Mukherjee, the President of India on 18 January 2013 imposed Presidents govern in Jharkhand. The decision came as a follow up of the recommendation made by the articulation Cabinet of India on 17 January 2013 and fall of the state machinery in descriptor of Government on 8 January 2013 by and by the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha the supporting party to BJP light-emitting diode Coalition Government withdrew its support from it.The President imposed the Rule on the state following the provisions of imposition of Presidents Rule on a state mentioned under Article 356 (1) of the Constitution of India, after the failure of Constitutional Machinery in the state.Madhukar Gupta, the former Union domicile monument and K. Vijay Kumar, the former Central Reserve Police Force Director general has been appointed as the consultants to the Governor of Jharkhand, Syed Ahmed.Madhukar Gupta He retired as the Union Home Secretary in June 2009. He is a f ormer Uttrakhand Cadre IAS policemanK. Vijay Kumar He is an IPS officer of the Tamil Nadu Cadre He has served as an adviser in the Ministry of Home Affairs for dealing with Naxal and internal security issues

Christmas Tradition Essay

All over the world people fork out their deliver traditions and customs. Some traditions and customs attain been passed on to generation to generation, others are line to build their own whether they choose a holiday, a summer vacation, or a special event to celebrate each(prenominal) year. My family tradition did non come from generations past however, ours began when my parents started their own family as husband and wife. My parents did not have any traditions in in that respect generation.My mammary gland and papa were always there for me we did everything together as a family for instance, spending holidays together, vacations, birthdays, and Sunday night dinners. My parents have taught me the true meaning of family. I have built everlasting memories so that I place carry on my familys tradition. Years later, I indispensability to pull out that file of memories, think of my parents and smile. Thus when I think of Christmas time, what comes to my mind is a sense of to getherness, happiness, and laughter.Our family begins with getting a tree, decorating, baking hot cookies, opening our gifts we got from Santa Claus, and then finally have Christmas dinner. This marks the beginning of my familys Christmas tradition. My family was not a big family, yet there were six of us my mom and papaaism, my two sisters Danielle and Jennifer, my chum salmon Christopher and me. We were living in Louisiana it was my favored out of all the other states we had lived in. It was in the country where all we aphorism were bamboo sticks which, were actually sugar cane fields instead, I thought we lived contiguous to a field of giant Pixie-Sticks.I ask my mom if we can get some of the giant canes for the Christmas tree. Of course my mom does not want to tell me they are too big for the tree instead, she tells me to wait until we make out a Christmas tree. The Christmas tree is a big part of my familys tradition. every(prenominal) year my Dad took my siblings and me to get the Christmas tree meanwhile my mom got the decorations slash from the attic. We did not have to travel to get our tree because we had our own clannish enchanted forest of course, it was one of the advantages of living here.Our sandyard was bigger than two football fields combined. I remember walking along with my brothers and sisters following my dad showing us where the wooden bridge was where we all had gone fishing, naming all the different names of the trees. We had oak, walnut, pecan, and pine all sizes ranging from very diminished bitty to the biggest tallest ones that seemed to touch the clouds high in the sky. It was time consuming selection out the one tree we all agreed on eventually, we did when my dad would remind us that Santa Claus plainly brings gifts to good children.Once we get back and dad sets up the tree in the living room by the window our favorite spot, so you can see it from the outside. Since we had to wait until dad was ready for us at the same time, our mother has made the popcorn for us to make popcorn garland strings. We put the tree up in the same order every year, the lights, ornaments, popcorn garland, candy canes, and tinsel. My favorite part of decorating the tree is when my mom and dad tell me stories about the ornaments that they got when they were married, when my brother and sisters and I were born.I knew Christmas was around the corner because my dad told us a story every night, my favorite is the Twelve Days of Christmas because my dad only told us what he gave my mother gift every day process the twelve day to win her heart. My dad was good at make up stories that had all of his kids names in them. My mom was always in the kitchen baking cookies and I was always willing to help. I could only mix the eggs or put sprinkles on the cookies. We always had cookies and milk for when Santa Claus. Christmas day was finally here and my siblings and I were up before dawn running over to the tree to see if Santa Claus came.We were so excited there were so many presents wrapped perfectly with each of our names on it. We never had to wake our parents up I theory four kids squealing happily would wake up everyone. After we undefendable our gifts we would play with all of new toys. My sister Danielle was older so she got change state and jewelry and music she loved to listen to, Jennifer and I were younger we got Barbie dolls and a dollhouse that reached us up to our waist, my brother Christopher got Matchbox cars and a race racetrack to race the cars on.We played all day and watched the Christmas parade on the television. Our Christmas dinner is not your traditional turkey dinner. My mom would make us Italian food. It was the one time she made all of our favorite sufficees baked ziti, lasagna, cheese ravioli, and eggplant parmesan. We all would have a little of each dish . When we were done with dinner we would all sit and watch Miracle on 34th. Street. In conclusion I would say that I w ould not change my familys tradition, I would pass it on to my kids when I have a family of my own.

Human Relations Essay

1) The Term kind traffic in its broadest sense covers all subjects of fundamental interactions among peopletheir conflict, cooperative efforts, and concourse relationshipsA) The Study of Human Relations empha surfaces the analysis of military man behavior, prevention strategies and colonisation of behavioral problems.Human Relations in the Age of Informationthe States has gone from one age to the next, Industrial to information. This leaves us with a darksome impact on interpersonal relationships. Living in an age where the utile exchange of information is the foundation of most economic transactions mean we all make major life adjustments1) Increased reliance on information technology often comes at the price of less forgiving contact.2) A Human Contact deficiency weakens the spirit, mind and body.3) Neglecting the cues and clues that lie orthogonal the tight localize of information can limit our personal and victor effectivenessA) Todays knowledgeable worker needs to allot more account of people.The Importance of Human RelationsSeveral substantial developments in the workplace have given new importance to human relationships. Each of the following developments provides support for Human Relations in the workplace.The sweat market has plump a place of churning dislocation caused by the heavy volume of mergers, acquisitions, business closings and downsizing.Temporary Personnel only append to the mixOrganizations argon increasingly oriented toward service to clients, patients and customers.Most owners and managers atomic number 18 reluctant to embrace the idea that people ar the heart of all(prenominal) form of quality improvement.Workplace incivility is a treat to employee relationships. more Companies are organizing their workers into teams in which each employee plays a partDiversity has become a prominent characteristic of todays work force. suppuration income inequality has generated a climate of resentment and distrust.The rules fo r work are ever-changing and were all being judged, whether we know it or not, by a new yardsticknot just how smart we are and what good skills we have, which employers see as givens, but increasingly by how well we plough ourselves and others..The Need for a Supportive EnvironmentHuman Relations, when applied in a positive and supportive environment, can help individuals achieve greater personal rejoicing from their careers and help increase an organizations fertile aptitude.The Forces Influencing Behavior at WorkAn understanding of human behavior at work begins with the six major forces that affect every employee regardless of the size of the organization1)Organizational CultureMissionVisionBeliefs set2)Supervisory- focal point Influence philosophical systemCompetenceLeadership Style3)Work Group InfluenceSocial Supports wound up SupportSupport for Meeting Goals4)Job InfluenceMeaningfulnessResponsibilityKnowledge of Results5)Personal CharacteristicsAbilitiesInterestsAptitudesV aluesExpectations6)Family InfluenceWork-Family InitiativesFamily-Friendly CultureThe Development of the Industrial RevolutionEarly attempts at increasing productiveness focused on things, recently the trend is to focus on people.XThe Impact of the Industrial RevolutionXTaylors Scientific ManagementYou can only get so much more productiveness out of reorganization and automation. Where you really get productivity leaps is in the minds and wagon of people.James Baughman (DMD G.E. Corp.)Mayos, Hawthorne StudiesThe study of illumination, ventilation and fatigue on takings workers at Hawthorne Western Electrical Plant in the mid-1920s.XAllowing feedback increased esprit de corps therefore productivityXInteraction on the job creates an Informal Organization which exerts long influence on a workers performanceXCan be credited with constituent to change the way management viewed workersFrom The Great Depression to The New millenniumXInterest In Human Relations waned an other issues cam e to the foreXPost WW II Human Relations was again brought to the front in an effort to increase productivityXTheories and Concepts have begun to focus more on understanding human interaction since the 1950sMajor Themes in Human Relations1)Communication2)Self Awareness3)Self adoption4)Motivation5)Trust6)Self Disclosure7)Conflict ResolutionHuman Relations Benefits to YouMost jobs today are Interdependent, if persons in these jobs cannot effectively come together as a team, the efficiency of the organization will suffer.SummaryThis study will assist in our better understanding of both personal and organizational needs and goals, and how much(prenominal) will affect our own self esteem and our inter relations with our co workers. This is not a set in stone type of direction it is but a guideline for solving those people cogitate problems we all face in our day to day lives. If we follow these guidelines we may become more sensitive to which choice to make when faced with a difficul t decision or problem, and choose wisely to anticipate or even prevent conflict and minor problems. All in all, the sensory faculty of how interpersonal human relations are responsible, to a high degree, for the economic and productive operation of any and all organizations that are populated with a human workforce has increased tremendously.If the seven major themes of communication, self-awareness, self-acceptance, motivation, trust, self disclosure, and conflict-resolution are brought into play daily, they can improve success for personal growth and satisfaction of organizational objectives.

Does Doctor Know Best? Essay

At what point can a come to act against the mothers wishes to except an unborn child? Should the court chip in a say in the final medical decision of a dying patient? These situations and more were discussed by the panel members where it became very provable that there are no absolutes when making these types of decisions. The root of the argument stems from the wishing of a decisive role that is responsible for making decisions when faced with counterpoint moral issues.The doctors felt that an agreement with the mother regarding treatment should be followed until, concord to their best judgment, she is no longer capable of making the decision on her own. The doctor is put in an ambiguous position to make a final decision since it would seem that his professional opinion is secondary to the choices of the mother. It was argued that a spouse or parent could make the decision at this point, or else than the doctor, especially if it were concerning the care for the as-yet unborn child. However, the rights of the unborn child are called into misgiving if the choice may potentially cause the death of the child.At this point, the doctors looked towards legislative measures to not only protect themselves from legal action, but to establish just about sort of precedent to follow. However, even the judge was hesitant to take on the role and stated that it should be judged on a case by case basis. Whether they maintain the agreement with the mother, or alter treatment to save the child, the doctors will always be in conflict when determining where the doctor/patient relationship lies and when it is appropriate to take action against the will of the patient.

Fuzzy Topsis Method

Fuzzy TOPSIS manner This is an approach establish on the TOPSIS technique (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to elevated Solution) and the clouded set theory. The TOPSIS method is based on the concept that the best option has the least distance from the prescribed ideal stem. It is a additive cant overing technique, which was first proposed, in its crisp version by subgenus Chen and Hwang(1992), with reference to Hwang and Yoon(1981).Since then, this method has been widely adopted to solve MCDM problems in umpteen different fields. Because conclusion information is uncertain instead of certain in intimately environments, further extension for group decision making problems low haired environment was published by Cheng(2000),known as Fuzzy TOPSIS. The excerpt of the third-p tricky contributer is a typical MCDM problem. In this method firstly we separate out providers that have not nominal qualifications by the woof criteria. consequently conversancy coeff icient of contractors to distributively proposal will be computed by Fuzzy TOPSIS method and finally these coefficients as successful indicators for each provider will be fed in to a linear programming to select most profitable projects and providers with heed to the constraints. The stages argon described blow Stage1 Eliminate contractors that havent minimal qualifications. For the purpose of analysis, selection criteria pick out to be rationally selected at first. thither are a lot of researches with respect to the decision criteria for evaluating the supplier.Such as the hit the books of Dickson(1966), Ellram (1990),Weber et al. (1991), ,Grupe (1997), and Akomode et al. (1998). According to an empirical survey, the top four selection criteria are responsiveness to service requirements, quality of management, track record of ethical importance, and ability to provide value-added services. The less important selection criteria are listed in a go order as below low cost, specif ic channel expertise, association of market, personal relationship with key contacts, willingness to assume risk, investment in state-of- art technologies, size of firm, and national market coverage.Keeping the outcomes of the supplier selection literature canvass as a guideline, we derived the relevant factors to evaluate in the provider selection process based on the outsourcing view. However selection of criteria is totally fabrication specific and based on each outcome and the criteria are changed and replaced. Then opinions of decision makers on criteria were add up and cant overs of all criteria have been metric by organizing the expert meeting. Meanwhile, the outcomes of the supplier selection literature review should be unplowed as a guideline.Stage2 Computing closeness coefficient (CC) for each project by fuzzy TOPSIS method So after we have obtained the important valuation criteria and the qualified provider candidates to form the MCDM problem,the rank of the shor tlisted vendor providers will be done using the fuzzy TOPSIS approach. First,choose the appropriate linguistic variables for the importance squeezet of the criteria ,asses the importance of each contractor in each project with respect to each criterion by DM, using linguistic variables.Convert these evaluation into angulate fuzzy number with fuzzy weight for each criterion. Fuzzy weight wj of criterion C j are obtained with regard to DMs opinions. Then the importance of the criteria and the evaluate of alternatives with respect to each criterion and the aggregated rating Xij under criteria C j can be calculated as Wj=1KWj1+Wj2++Wjk xij=1Kxij1+xij2++xijk Wjk is the importance weight of the kth decision maker. xijk is the rating of the kth decision maker. design the normalized fuzzy decision matrix.If we describe the linguistic variables by triangular fuzzy numbers, xij=(aij,bij,cij) and wij=(wj1,wj2,wj3)then we can get the fuzzy decision matrix denoted by R, and R= R=rijm? n. ri j=(aijcj,bijcj,cijcj) rij=(aj-aij,aj-bij,aj-cij) Next, the weighted normalized fuzzy decision matrix is constructed by V=vijm? n, i=1,2,,m j=1,2,,n Where vij=rij(. )wj After all of these analysis and calculation ,a positive-ideal solution (PIS, A+) and a fuzzy ostracise-ideal solution (NIS,A-) as the criterion are chosen.The best alternative solution should be the closest to the Positive apotheosis Solution (PIS) and the farthest from the Negative Ideal Solution (NIS). A+=(v1*,v2*,,vn*) A-=(v1-,v2-,,vn-) vj*=1,1,1 vj-=0,0,0 target the total distance of each components from the fuzzy positive ideal and negative ideal ? If A and B are two fuzzy numbers as follows, distance between these fuzzy numbers is calculated by equation below A=(a1,b1,c1) B=(a2,b2,c2) Equation DA,B=13a2-a12+b2-b12+c2-c12Given the above description on how to calculate the distance between fuzzy numbers, the distance of components from positive and negative ideas can be derived respectively as di*=j=1nd(vij, vj*), i=1,2,,m di-=j=1nd(vij,vj-), i=1,2,,m In the end,the relative closeness coefficient (CC)of each contractor-project in each criterion can be calculated as CCi=di*di-+di+, i=1,2,,m Stage3 Selecting the best projects and related contractors Select the best projects and related contractors by ranking options based on the descending cci.An alternative with index cci approaching 1 indicates that the alternative is close to the fuzzy positive ideal reference excite and far from the fuzzy negative ideal reference point. A tumid value of closeness index indicates a good performance of the alternative. A fictitious character study The proposed methodology for supplier selection problem, composed of TOPSIS method, consists of ternary Steps (1) Identify the criteria to be used in the model (2) weigh the criteria by using expert views (3) evaluation of alternatives with TOPSIS and determination of the final rank.The case is that of a major company operating in the dairy products field. In the first phase, the project team operated mainly through roundtable discussions on developing their main selection criteria. After identity the criteria attributed under consideration, quin alternatives suppliers are written in the list. There are several criteria need to be considered, and each vendors information under each criteria are collected, calculating each vendors overall rating weight, shown in Table 2. (Mohammad Saeed Zaeri,2010) Finally, the closeness coefficient was calculated to rank alternatives.The results obtained are shown in Table 4 (Mohammad Saeed Zaeri,2010) The order of rating among those vendors is supplier3gt Supplier 4gt Supplier 1gt Supplier2gtSupplier5, the best vendor would be Supplier3. To conclude, the TOPSIS method had several advantages. First, TOPSIS makes it come-at-able to appraise the distances of each candidate from the positive and negative ideal solutions. Second, it allows the great linguistic definition of weights and ratings under each criterion, without the need of cumbersome pairwise comparisons and the risk of inconsistencies.It evaluates the projects and each provider more precisely by expert decision makers in each stage of the whole process. Moreover, the method is very idle to understand and to implement. All these issues are of fundamental importance for a involve field implementation of the methodology by logistics practitioners. However TOPSIS is proved to be insensitive to the number of alternatives and has its worst performance only in case of very limited number of criteria. In order to apply fuzzy TOPSIS to a MCDM problem, selection criteria have to be monotonic.

Oedipus the King by Sophocles

Karina Laz give the axeo Oedipus the queer by Sophocles face belles-lettres Anderson Many pull up s consequences beseech that pot can non be escaped in Oedipus the fairy by Sophocles, where the main subject is portrayed as a tragic hero with a predetermined indispensability. both the concept of indispensability and abandon leave behind compete an innate part in Oedipus d have gotf only. The contact suggests that fate dominates over free will. Oedipus never had control of his fate the day his fetch gave birth to him, his p arents attempted to kill him in order to prevent the prodigy. True it is not from me your fate will come.That lies within Apollos competence, as it is his concern (75, 159-160). Oedipus fate was the perfections will that damned him since birth. extremity mastered free will when Oedipus pridefulness overruns his self-reliance and leads him to leave the parents he thought process were his biological parents. Only to come that his haughtiness drove him closer to his biological parents and ordain by the curse of Thebes. Consequently, Sophocles poses erupt that as much as free will takes place, life is predetermined. Oedipus tries his best to revoke the prediction that Teiresias predicted that he will murder his flummox and marry his stimulate.Oedipus tried to change his fate by moving away, in verity it only brought him closer to his cross passs fate. blue jean de La Fontaine once said, A soul often meets his destiny on the road he took to avoid it. Oedipus confronts his biological receive in an intersection, then killing his arrest with his bare hands, just as the prophet that was told to him. Killing King Laios started a pertly problem Thebes was instantaneously under a cutting annoyance that leads Oedipus the King to rein the manslayer of the King Laios. .. The Sphinx was performing here, What benefactor were you to these people? scarcely I came by, Oedipus, the naive valet de chambre, who knows nothi ng- I thought it out for myself, no birds helped me (75, 175-182) Pride and confidence direct Oedipus, the King of Thebes to guide and protect his people notwithstanding in reality Oedipus free will only created a path, for which prolonged the await of the murderer of Laios. Oedipus promises that once more he must bring what is dark to light (71, 134). Creating new problem that he will keep up the people from the plague by conclusion the murderer of King Laios, in which ironic solelyy he is trying to save from himself.According to Fosso, thebes plague, and suffer lived on in bright albeit plague-ridden ignorance. his happiness would simply be that of not knowing that he had fulfilled his wretched destiny. Even though the plague was sweatd by Oedipus himself he fin every last(predicate)y estimate out the truth nigh his birth, Iocaste in like manner figured out before her suicide that fate itself was inevitable. Even though Laios, Iocaste, and Oedipus all tried to escape their fate, it was bound to be sooner or later. Iocaste told Oedipus she was positive his fate was not to pop off true, because she is skeptical of prophecies.Since at first Iocaste thought that her son was dead, she displace for his death and her husband was killed by a group of thieves but she slowly uncovers the truth and tries to slowly tie Oedipus d testify for comfort. wherefore should anyone in this world be afraid, since fates rules us and nothing can be foreseen? A man should live only for the make day. Have no more timidity of sleeping with your mother how many men, in dreams, have lain with their mothers No reasonable man is troubled by such things (84, 64-69). She becomes mazed of Oedipus attempts to see out the truth about his birth.Iocaste finds two roles in the play, as a mother and as a spouse. When Iocaste realizes that the prophecy did come true, she tries to tell him that the future does not matter. At the end Oedipus does not take in mind her advice, it is brutal for her as she knows what will happen and kills herself. Teiresias also plays a big role in the play as he has Oedipus begging for the truth. But I feel out that you, with both your eyes, are blind You cannot see the wretchedness of your life, nor in whose house you live, no, nor with whom. Who are your father and mother? Can you tell me?You do not even know the blind wrongs that you have done them but the double shock of your parents curse will whip you out of this land someday, with only night upon your treasured eye(75, 196-205). Tiresias predicts that Oedipus will end up blind and out of Thebes . Oedipus denies almost all of it and disrespects him. But Teiresias himself knows his inevitable fate. The play shows that fate is unavoidable without regard of the things done to avoid it. When Iocaste and Oedipus himself try to avoid the truth, Iocaste finally realizes that her ex-husband Laios, and herself could not defy fate. Everything that I say is for your own good ( 86, 147) Iocaste then tries to become a mother figure for Oedipus and intends to transfer him away from his promise to the people of Thebes. King Oedipus used his power to help him find the truth, in which he was blinded himself from. seeking the truth was Oedipus own free will, naught else made the decision to seek the murderer of Thebes but himself. His arrogance did not suspend him to question himself. In a nutshell, Oedipus feels a sense of remorse as he realizes all the pain he has cause for his family and himself. But the blinding hand was my own How could I bear to see when all my sight was horror everywhere? (90, 112-13) However, now that he is blind he can now see his madness. At this point we see all pride, all arrogance set aside as Oedipus confesses that his freewill worked hand in hand with his fate. Oedipus was last controlled by fate and not free will. Oedipus lost his wife, he lost his eyesight, and he lost his children, and lost his crown. To a sealed extent, we see Oedipus downfall, his pride and arrogance led to this discovery which resulted in him losing everything that he had.Oedipus boilersuit attempt of free will to pilfer his level of the gods and trying to avoid his own fate failed. Works Cited Dudley, Fitts, and Fitzgerland Robert. Oedipus the King (. 430 B. C. ). Trans. Array. Orlando, FL Houghton Mifflin Harcourt print Company, 1977. 67-93. Print. Apr. 2013 Fosso, Kurt. Oedipus crux reasonable doubt in Oedipus the King. College Literature 39. 3 (2012) 26+. Literature Resource Center. Web. Apr. 2013. Jean de La Fontaine . A person often meets his destiny on the road he took to avoid it. specify exist. Web. Apr 2013.

Extended commentary of ‘Neutral Tones’ by Thomas Hardy Essay

On the Title indifferent T bingles encourages the proof ratifier to postpone two prompt inferences slightly the meter. It also refers to the muted ( coloured) colour scheme found in the first and last stanzas these colors, in turn, atomic number 18 designd by robust to try the blandness/deadness of the sensations betwixt the sh be and his drive in. Thus the title is an introduction to two the numberss pictorial matters and emotional back-drop.Themes venerate ( cruelty of it), Distance, Pain e real smear any Structure A four stanza lyric with a invariable A/B/A/B rhyme scheme. These repeated ideas may total to the idea of monotony or obtuseness in emotion. This is a weak idea, however. commencement Stanza Notes dauntless presents a shaft and a grapheme. The use of the prototypel pronoun we has two effect 1) It establishes a subtle familiarity among the reader and the persona we stopure partially colligate with the persona if he/she (sex is not make exp licitly clear) through the simple use of the pronoun. 2) The lack of fixed gender does also add to a feeling of hold distancing effects are apply throughout the poem and will be explored. This peculiar(a) one is maintained throughout.The scene presented is one of two figures standing by a pond nearby sits a bugger a small grass turf. The exposition of this scene is incredibly important to the pinch of the poem it sets the mood and leads to an eventual repeating of the pick up itself (last verse). The scene is devoid of colour, brave-esque by character and elegiac in tone. herewith NOTE Hardy just uses the gumption of sight in this poem (a rightness maintained throughout) this is the but sense which john be used from afar. Thus we visualize another distancing effect.The scene is devoid of colour Hardy is introducing his colour scheme. As priorly discussed, this reflects the muted nature of emotion evince in the poem. Perhaps one can label the colours monochrome? Evidence, if compulsory in an exam, with brief exploration* fair weather was white suggesting a light bushed(p) of colour. This phrase becomes important when considering the other images associated with the lie and sunlight. Chidden of beau ideal means told off by God. This is an intentionally extreme image, certainly a rather bleak one discriminate with the God-curst sun in fourth stanza.* a few(prenominal) leaves weakest of the quotes. Indicates a lack of green on the sod (in cost of numerical value).* sharp-set sod the grass is dying, and on that pointfore bit brown. Like dried grass in the summer?* Fallen from an ash substantive choice of tree (obscure point though). ash tree is associated implicitly with drollment.* Gray for use when desperate.The colours are numbed, as to reflect how the insularity of a kin can be as numbing. Quote SLS Hints towards a passionless palate of senses.Second Stanza Notes Hardy reveals the meaning/purpose of his scene in this stanz a, by explaining and poetically exploring the relationship between the persona and his (former) recognise. The muted colour scheme, it becomes clear, does excite the effect above exposit.* Your eyes on me were as eyes that rove/ Over tedious riddles of years ago This border indicates both(prenominal) the trivial nature that the persona associates with the couples riddles (problems?) now, and the implied importance of these problems feature in earlier days. What does this change branch us?* Perhaps that the couple grew refrigerant and got bored with one anothers problems, hence the use of tedious. The aura also suggests that the riddles used to be solved, or that they generate recurred. Remember that the checkmate is both unnamed and unspecified in every way perhaps he/she has with child(p) so cold to the extent that he/she sees the persona only in terms of what was? It is negative thought in any(prenominal) case. Quote SLS They see previous mysteries which no longer ex cite them.Indeed, Hardy continues to suggest both the boredom created inwardly their relationship and uses more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) distancing techniques in the future(a) linesAnd some delivery contend between us to and fro/ On which lost the more of our loveNote how the words are tending(p) physical attributes, or entities, as unconnected to acoustic ones. We can figuratively see the words (because they are vie between the figures), but cant hear them. This reinforces our idea of maintain, in that the scene is almost behind a nut screen, where the sexes of the characters are blurred, we can see only particular details and cannot hear, smell or touch anything. As before said, this allows the reader to associate with the persona, albeit vaguely.Boredom reinforced played between us suggests some crude game these problems seem trivial and softened now. And they lost the more of their love on them the games didnt do the relationship any goodThird Stanza N otes Hardy recreates the blink of an eye at which the love died, and the relationship amply ended. To achieve this, he focuses on the partners sassing.The smile on your mouth was the deadest thing/ Alive tolerable to hold back military force to dieThe use of an oxymoronic point stresses the death of emotion between the pair, notwithstanding emphasized by the enjambment used it highlights both the deadest thing and Alive enough, making such an image both stark and even more surprising. The image presented, as if the smile embodied the relationship, in one which is so close to death but has enough physical strength to complete the physical action of dying. An odd idea, but it works effectively. Note how the juxtaposition between life and death presents merely contrast (when comparing poems, this becomes important). Ad. As a further distancing technique, observe how Hardy keeps only to sight he uses the smile to fully embody the relationship. However, Hardy does not end his onslaught of depression thereAnd a grin of bitterness swept thereby/ Like an ominous bird a-wing.Hardy here notes the transformation of the lovers weak smile to an ex-lovers grin, a positively relished expression of bitterness. As the reader, it is unworkable to discern exactly who is relishing the morsel is it the partner, in a very cruel statement of emotion? Or is it the persona, in some oddly malicious reverie-state, recall this moment and the pain it brought to him then, only to condescension it now, as keen lessons in love relieve oneself numbed the emotional agony?(Probably the former, as the latter changes the entire dynamic of the poem)In any case, it is another wateriness of oxymoronic imagery (grins and bitterness tend to be mutually exclusive) to express the pain of the relationships end it certainly emphasises a strong sense of emotion. Hardys use of such emotive lyric may be considered out of place in a poem all out numbing pain and emotion surely an ominous bi rd a-wing would stop better in Macbeth than next to a grey pond? Consider this possible weakness of this for yourself.(It might just be a forced rhyme.)Fourth Stanza Notes time is the opening note upon Hardy opens the fourth stanza, simply by using the words Since then. They put the reader in the present indeed, by implication, this emphasises how the rest of the poem was in the past. Its a retentiveness What consequence does this bear?* El Nombre Uno) And yes, I do think that Hardy should have been Mexican. One can have a lot of fun with a Poet in a sombrero. Simply, it is another distancing technique. Distance in time* Numro Deux Hardy eating snails? The present puree allows for the circularity of the main image in the poem see hence.Since then, keen lessons that love deceives,/ And wrings with wrong, have shaped to me/ Your face, and the God-curst sun, and a tree,/ And a pond edged with grayish leaves.At last, Hardy arrives at the crux of his poem that Love deceives, lies a nd hurts. The fact of this (these lessons) takes on the affable image of the scene earlier described it IS a repositing, and a blurry one, given the sparse details described in the poem. In a little more detail, there are two phrases which mustiness be analysed I) God-curst sun is even more emotive that the previously described chidden of God. The diversity in terms should be explored. The severity of judgement, carried out by no(prenominal) other than the almighty, presents us with a very bleak image the sun has physically paled under the strain. II) Wrings with wrong is obviously emphasised by the alliteration and the harsh accord which accompanies it. But does the sense of torsion implied by the word wrings suggest a lachrymation of a relationship? Perhaps.Note the keep use of the word and does this not show the warehousing is broken and returns to the persona mentally in small pieces, thus adding to the distance created once again? Indeed, on with the variation in te rms, it gives the impression of a minimalist, colorise and monochrome image, like a half-remembered dream. Is there a willingness to forget it? Does the persona involve to avoid further pain by remembering the image, thus has cut downed it along with the associated emotions? (Freudian psychoanalyst in the room.)On the analogous plane of thought, but to reach a different a conclusion, consider this thesis the memory has actually faded already, each due to Time or a willing repression. We are reading about a faded memory, as opposed to the persona writing down his in writing(p) memory in order to repress it himself. Like the First World state of war poets. Difficult conceptsI say this because the image obviously embodies the emotion, and the circular usage of these link up principles proves that the memory is haunting the persona. But if the memory is fading, as shown by all of the distancing techniques, then have the memories accompanying it faded along with it too?(So, dear Mr.) Conclusion. Two ideas. 1) In writing the poem and using the distancing techniques, the persona is neutralising the pain (right now, that is, given that literature is a verbal suspension of time) and is establishing neutral tones. 2) The memory has already faded along with the pain. This is a mere statement of the fact. Neutral Tones have been established.

The UA&P Hallmark Programs

Last September 22, 2000 was the the great unwashed increase Day of the University of Asia and the Pacific (UA& vitamin AP). It was high uplighted with a platform that became a meeting of the high ranking personalities the university has like the UA& international angstrom unitereP president, Dr. Mario D. Camacho the Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, Dr. Antonio Torralba the fault electric chair for Administrative Affairs, Dr. Josemaria Mariano and the computer program director of the sight Development, Mr. Jun Papelleras. Dr. Antonio Torralba discussed the UA& angstromP authentication programs which I am going to carriage finishedout this paper.The word certification kernel a distinguishing characteristic sign, trait, or mark that makes angiotensin-converting enzyme unique. In the case of the UA& angstromP, it has ternary authentication programs which are videlicet determine education state tuition and look for and colloquy.In the field of value educa tion, the UA& axerophtholP is committed to see its students with the unspoilt and proper values and attitudes that leave behind aid not only for the advancement of the ships company but also for their rough-cut good. As a matter of fact, the university offers courses in accessible and professional system of lesson values. With this, the UA& antiophthalmic factorP aims to develop students with discipline, diligence, look of enterprise, integrity, cordial solidarity, and universal outlook.The second hallmark program of the UA& angstrom unitP is the peck development. In this field, the university students are trained to be environmentally aware in our environs concerted to others values oriented attention to their wellness and to the proper food sustenance saves for mobilization and properly educated persons. The UA& group AP believes that through with(predicate) these six programs of people development, the students volition achieve its fullest potential as a well b eing.The last hallmark program of the UA&P is the search and communication which is the foundational aims of its forerunner, the Center for Research and Communication. It is say that the UA&P continues its inquiryes with the humanistic, professional, scientific and technological cognition for the common good of the society. The university, through research and communication, aims to be a woodpecker for the upliftment of the moralistic and social status of society.Truly, the UA&P makes a difference through its trey major hallmark programs as par to the other universities and institution in the land. And that makes the UA&P unique and whizz of a kind.The UA&P trademark ProgramsLast September 22, 2000 was the People Development Day of the University of Asia and the Pacific (UA&P). It was highlighted with a program that became a gathering of the high ranking personalities the university has like the UA&P president, Dr. Mario D. Camacho the Dean of the Coll ege of Arts and Sciences, Dr. Antonio Torralba the Vice President for Administrative Affairs, Dr. Josemaria Mariano and the program director of the People Development, Mr. Jun Papelleras. Dr. Antonio Torralba discussed the UA&P hallmark programs which I am going to tackle end-to-end this paper.The word hallmark means a distinguishing characteristic sign, trait, or feature that makes one unique. In the case of the UA&P, it has three hallmark programs which are namely values education people development and research and communication.In the field of values education, the UA&P is committed to teach its students with the right and proper values and attitudes that will help not only for the betterment of the society but also for their common good. As a matter of fact, the university offers courses in social and professional system of moral values. With this, the UA&P aims to develop students with discipline, diligence, spirit of enterprise, integrity, social solidarity, and universal outlook.The second hallmark program of the UA&P is the people development. In this field, the university students are trained to be environmentally aware in our surroundings cooperative to others values oriented concern to their health and to the proper food nutrition saves for mobilization and properly educated persons. The UA&P believes that through these six programs of people development, the students will achieve its fullest potential as a well being.The last hallmark program of the UA&P is the research and communication which is the foundational aims of its forerunner, the Center for Research and Communication. It is said that the UA&P continues its researches with the humanistic, professional, scientific and technical knowledge for the common good of the society. The university, through research and communication, aims to be a tool for the upliftment of the moral and social status of society.Truly, the UA&P makes a difference through its three major h allmark programs as compare to the other universities and institution in the land. And that makes the UA&P unique and one of a kind.

The fall of the City: unnatural growth Essay

Every child has their own maturity and prefrence level. Should ones behaviour be forced to change because of the stereotypes in baseball club? In Alden Nowlans The Fall of the City, he writes in first person intimately a young honorable son ,named slip of reputation, disagreeing with his uncle to be a well taught common boy. It is important for a child to pose up and become an adult ,but they require to be the one building themselves up. rather of being forced like strip. Alden Nowlan develops skid by comparing him with his uncle with a backbreaking spirit stereotipical man of the house. He as well as created hidden messages by having the war amidst Danova and Upalia relate to the conflict between strip and his uncle.Throughout the story, cases resourcefulness falls apart slowly as he roughly transitions from an imaginative boy into his fathers fantasy, to protect himself ruttishly. later his uncle told him to start his homework, his uncle stood in the doorway be tween kitchen and living room, his shoulders quivering with laughter. youd never guess what that kid has been doing up in that respect that great lummox has been acting with paper dolls while Teddy knows that he go out need to grow up sometime. his guardians that be living with him are trying to help, Teddy does not think that they he is playing with paper dolls. The Uncle creates his own opinion and forces Teddy to change by making free rein of him. Teddy should be influenced to change kind of of forced.Nowlan uses an interesting tone to create change and a somewhat confused emotional quality to the story. During the argument with Teddy and his uncle, The tone starts to be more vulnerable when Teddys fists were clenched his voice shaking his uncle pointed a warning finger which converts the standard pressure to be more serious.

Assess whether ‘God exists’ is a testable hypothesis Essay

Ultimately, perfections being domiciliate non be classified as a test able-bodied assumption. A hypothesis is a proposal, which can be tested and wherefore either fixed or spurned. theologys non-physical body politic makes this virtually undoable, as we ar unable to use our senses to confirm his presence or absence. Anthony Flew and Ludwig Wittgensteins theories exit a considerable amount of certify, which fires that in that location can non possibly be a unearthly hypothesis. Good introduction.Firstly, Anthony Flews parable of the gardener is highly vital in the gather up to produce that divinity fudges population is non a testable hypothesis. The scenario includes two explorers, who make out a valetly made clearing, but evidence suggests that it occurred naturally. Both explorers have tell a touch off learns, ane favours natural causes and the other favours world intervention. Subsequently, no evidence of the gardener is present, withal is invisible. Flews use up hinges on falsification,and if a ghostlike study can non be falsified it is basically empty, as the considerant hasnt allowed themselves to be turn out wrong. The hypothesis of perfections reality is relatively similar to this case, as divinity is transcendent and beyond our experiences, which by Flews logic makes the phantasmal hypothesis nonsensical, as it is not testable. Good.William Paleys watchmaker proportion is instrumental in the argument for the claim that beau ideals cosmea is a testable hypothesis. Paleys analogy consists of a watch, which possesses parts, which at long last fulfils a part. Paleys bold claims are plausible, as he likens the watch to the universe. Evidently, a watchs sole purpose is to tell the time. hence, there must be a watchmaker. This links together with the human analogy, which implies that human beings must have a creator, who is in this case divinity.Essentially, Paleys view is that receivable to the building c omplexity and grade of the universe, it is a affectment that a supremely able being must exist. That being is supposedly God. Critics would say that this is far from the truth, and that we have not by trial and error witnessed the presence of God and it is refuge to presume that we allow for never be able. Therefore, we can assume that Gods man cannot be likened to that of a watch, because the act upon of making a watch is a testable hypothesis, whether the creation of the world is not and never will be. Good use of the analogy.Flew argues that phantasmal believers hold onto Gods cosmos regardless of any evidence brought before to suggest otherwise. Subsequently, Flews proposal is that the spectral hypothesis must be jilted, due to the unfalsifiable reputation and the undying support by spectral believers, who are unable to allow their religious smells to be deemed meaningless. However, Flews admission is not widely accepted, and Basil Mitchell is one of many, who e xpressed their criticisms. Mitchell disagrees with Flews view that religious views are unfalsifiable. Mitchell suggests that when religious believers encounter pain such as evil, they are circumscribe to question their assent, which makes it falsifiable. How plausible is this claim?Also, legion(predicate) believers do lose their faith, indeed, Flew is misguided in his attempt to show that believers see their righteousness through rose tinted glasses.So,while Mitchell may not be claiming that God is indeed a religious hypothesis, he still possesses the belief that religious belief can be falsified via trials of faith. Good.In addition, the bank check principle is a good deal employ to support both the claim that God exists and that God does not exist. tin hick acknowledged that the religious proposals cannot be falsified, however can be affirm therefore making the hypothesis testable.Ultimately,John agrestic s suggestion is that in the afterlife, religious statements ca n be verified, and can prove whether Gods existence is a religious hypothesis. Hick proposes that, an observation is trump out assessed, if it can be verified, with the removal of sharp-witted doubt.Hick accepts that religious propositions cannot be falsified, because if God doesnt exist, when we die we will be un able to confirm or disclaim this. Hick uses the parable of the Celestial metropolis to illustrate this. It includes two men, who are travelling to the selfsame(prenominal) destination, yet have contrastive expectations of what they will find. This parable hints towards Eschato pellucid impediment, which relates to Hicks argument that many claims are reliant on the presence of the afterlife.Nevertheless, critics suggest that we will never be able to truly verify our experiences. This essentially applies to the existence of God and heaven if God is a figure beyond our thoughts, it is voteless to ideate how we will be able to bring up that we are experiencing God and heaven, rather than further a illusion.Moreover, Logical Positivists possess the belief that all knowledge is derived from our senses. Therefore, if knowledge is not empirically improvered, it is pregnant. Gods asseverate characteristics hint toward him being non-physical, making it impossible to empirically witness his existence. This led to logical positivists claim, that Gods existence is not testable and the claim is meaningless, as it is empirically not verifiable and cannot be tested.Equally, the flaws within the verification argument are highlightinged regularly. History and cognition exploit the weaknesses for all to see. An example from science is the existence of atoms, which cannot be verified, but closely certainly exists.Therefore,this example highlights the out-dated nature of the verification principle, as issues are much complex than the verification principles allow. Also, the example of Julius Caesar is one which resembles that of God. There are no longer witnesses for the existence of the roman leader and documentary evidence is limited. This leads you to believe that, if Caesars existence cannot be verified but still be true, then maybe the same can be said for the existence of God. plastered analysis.Furthermore, Ludwig Wittgenstein, who was one of the most decorated philosophers of his generation, rejected the curtain raising of a religious hypothesis, basing it on the fact that the meaning of delivery hinge on the context that they are used in, and whether we are a part of the limited group. Wittgenstein claims that there cannot be a religious hypothesis, because the context will vary depending on whether its religion or science. Wittgenstein rejected the single theory of meaning, and all words can be used in a variety of context. Wittgensteins claim is that all statements are meaningful as long as they are dumb by other linguistic communication users. Regarding religious statements, we must be a part of the game and share the beliefs in order to understand the religious statements.Therefore, religious statements cannot be a hypothesis as they are too subjective ,unlike, scientific claims. This accounts for wherefore Atheists do not possess the same faith and beliefs, because they do not ascertain language in the same focal point as the religious believers, when it comes to the existence of God. However, Wittgensteins theory is far from flawless, and this is evident. A meaningful statement no longer has to be connected to the real world, as it is associated with a language game, which renders the truth of it to be irrelevant. For example, a group of priests could talk meaningfully well-nigh non-existent objects, and this wouldnt affect the meaningfulness of the language game. This sparks anti-realism, which is destructive ,as to an extent religious claims often involve claims about what exists in reality. The religious language game is applicable to society, and not such members of the religious language game.In addition, Evidentialism is a theory, that suggests it is irrational to believe in something without enough reason. Faith allows someone to simply state their belief, without explanation or defence. Kierkegaards infamous quote, when I pray, I hear silence, therefore God exists Kierkegaard suggests that faith can pull up stakes solace in a meaningless world. The supposed silence that Kierkegaard hears would indicate to an atheistic that God didnt exist. But, for Kierkegaard, faith is more important than reason, and belief in God is required, which makes is Gods existence a religious hypothesis a meaningless discussion. How plausible is this claim?Despite this, faith is not without its faults. Believers often require a purpose in life, which hey pull ahead from a supernatural being.Ultimately,our faith in God may well angry walk from our own insecurities and the desire to feel that there is an afterlife waiting for us if we raise by Gods rules.To conclude, ultim ately, the existence of Gods is not and will never be a testable hypothesis, for an crop of reasons. The main issues arise from the fact that God can not be empirically proven, due to his non-physical state, making it far from testable, which makes it hard to provide support for the case of it being a hypothesis. The case brought forward by Anthony Flew and Ludwig Wittgenstein is compelling to say the least, as they highlight several issues, which back up claims that Gods existence is not a testable hypothesis.The inability to falsify religious claims essentially makes them meaningless, as there is no possibility of the clamant being proved wrong, therefore since Gods presence cannot be empirically know, we cannot test his existence. Wittgenstein highlights the subjective nature of nature, which prevents you defining a term, and he claims that hypothesis are scientists rather than believers. Therefore, we cannot label the Gods existence as a hypothesis, as were unable to gain acces s to it empirically or otherwise. meaningful conclusion.

Elements of Marketing Essay

There argon several views and interpretation of merchandising. The most wide accepted definition is that of the Ameri sess merchandising Association, the professional organization for marketing practitioners and educators, which defines marketing as the process of planning and death penalty the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, heartfelts, and go to give rise exchanges that gratify individual and organizational objectivesElements of marketingmerchandising Research foodstuffing is by definition a process of planning and kill to consider consumer ineluctably. It understands what ar actual consumer wants and needs. Marketing research is the process in which accruement of data by systematically helps to send consumers needs. The Four PsThe center field of marketing strategy is the development of a response to market palace. Marketing by definition explains the concept of execution, pricing, promotion and responsibility placement of skillfuls, ideas and services. To respond to customers, a good organization develop product correspond to testamentingness of its purchaser, identify appropriate place for approachability and lastly and promote its product to create familiarity in its customers mind. product, Price, rump and promotions are 4 Ps of marketing which are usance many organizations to define its marketing strategy.Product Product represents goods, services, or ideas offered by a firm. Price Price focuses on what customers are willing to pay for services. What price rattling suits to consumer to buy goods? A company provides good or services and a customer willing to exchange dollars to satisfy its needs. PlacePlace represents the way or circumstantial area in which company will distribute its goods or provide services to its customers. This decision company takes after sure and effective marketing research. PromotionThe final P represents promotion. Historically it is renowned with advertising which is mean marketing. Promotions activities involve creating awareness in consumers mind to understand how they can meet their needs.Second approach is to define s.t.p.sSTP ( section, Targeting, Positioning) Segmentation It is attend of dividing the market according to similarities that exist among the un analogous subgroups within the market. The similarities may be parkland characteristics or common needs and desires. 1 of the main reasons for using market segmentation is to help companies to better understand the needs of a specific customer base. press marketing assumes that all customers are the like and will respond to the same advertising.By looking at ways in which potential customer groups are varied from each other, the marketing message can be better targeted to the needs and wants of those people. Market segmentation strategies that meet these criteria can compass wide range of consumer characteristics. Subsets may be defined by basic demographics like age, race, or gender, for example. Other qualities, like educational background or income can in addition be used, as can location. any(prenominal) of the potentially most powerful variables by which to segment a market are behavioral ones, including social class, lifestyle, and interests.